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Nutrition after temporomandibular surgery
Machoňová, Natálie ; Machoň, Vladimír (advisor) ; Vlachopulos, Vasilis (referee)
Nutrition after temporomandibular joint surgery is very specific but defined by clear rules. Patients in recovery receive a mixed diet for the first 3 days and then, if there are no complications, switch to a soft food diet. Many patients are concerned about postoperative pain, the overall course of hospitalization, and how the mixed food will not only taste but also look. Therefore, it is important to consider the patient's opinion regarding hospital food and how the intake of recommended food affects weight loss during recovery. The first goal was to compare weight changes in the observed hospitalized patients at the time of surgery and 5 days after surgery. The second goal was to evaluate the patient's diet after surgery and determine how satisfaction affected weight loss. The third goal was to evaluate patient use of nutritional supplements. The practical part was evaluated from the responses of a questionnaire survey, which involved 16 patients hospitalized in the Department of Maxillofacial Surgery at VFN from January 2023 to March 2023, who underwent temporomandibular joint reconstruction by total replacement. The same patients were subsequently monitored for weight changes. The results showed that the average weight difference of patients after temporomandibular joint surgery was 1,2 kg. It...
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The effect of nutrition education on type 1 diabetes control
Křesáková, Nikola ; Matoulek, Martin (advisor) ; Mikeš, Ondřej (referee)
Introduction: The global prevalence of type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1) is increasing, and despite the availability of new and modern treatments, especially in the field of modern technology, it is difficult to achieve optimal diabetes control in many patients. Properly guided and individualized education in insulin therapy, regimen measures and self- monitoring is now considered an essential part of successful treatment of every patient with diabetes. Objective: The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the effect of nutrition education on DM1 compensation using available and collected parameters (HbA1c, TIR, TBR, coefficient of variation, mean glycaemia) and body weight. Method: The study was conducted in a total of 40 selected patients with DM1 of the Diabetology Centre of the 3rd Internal Medicine Clinic of the VFN Prague, who underwent education in the outpatient clinic of a nutritional therapist between January 2020 and January 2022. The effect of nutritional education on parameters of diabetes compensation over a 12-month period was subsequently examined by retrospective analysis. Results: After 12 months, there was a significant improvement in the parameters measured. TIR increased (68 ± 15 % vs. 75 ± 15 %; p<0.0001), other parameters showed a positive decrease - HbA1c (57 ± 11 mmol/mol vs. 50...
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Nutritional therapy and eating habits of people with tuberculosis
Čadová, Andrea ; Špíralová, Veronika (advisor) ; Mudra, Roman (referee)
This thesis deals with the nutrition of adult tuberculosis patients. The main goal is to map the dietary habits of tuberculosis patients and also to assess the nutritional requirements of specific tuberculosis patients and to compare it with the actual food intake in a tuberculosis sanatorium. The theoretical part is focused on the history, current epidemiology, clinical presentation of the disease, diagnostic procedure and treatment options. It is also focused mainly on clinical nutrition and the latest nutritional recommendations in relation to tuberculosis disease. For this research, I chose a qualitative approach which was attended by ten adult respondents diagnosed with tuberculosis and treated at the Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Sanatorium Janov. The practical part is divided into two subchapters. The first of them is devoted to case reports, where all the basic information about the patients obtained from the medical records is summarized. Recommended total daily energy intake and macronutrients are individually calculated. This total daily energy intake is then compared with the energy intake from the home environment and with the energy intake in the sanatorium. Examples of individual menus are also included. In the second part, respondents' answers to questions asked in a...
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Eating disorders in students of dietetics and nutrition and the effect of nutrition on their nutritional status
ŠTĚPÁNOVÁ, Vendula
The bachelor's thesis deals with the topic of eating disorders in students of nutritional therapy and the influence of nutrition on their nutritional status. This work is focused on the issue of eating disorders (hereinafter referred to as "PPD") and their prevalence among nutritional therapy students and the consequences of eating disorders. These are now very widespread diseases that have not been talked about enough until now. Diseases mainly affect young people, but adults are no exception, as their treatment is both psychologically and often nutritionally difficult. The aim of the work is to determine the risk of pathological eating behavior in nutritional therapy students, how the diet of students with PPP and without PPP differs. Data and results are determined using the standardized questionnaires ORTO-15 and EAT-26 (Eating Attitudes Test-26) and using a self-administered questionnaire. The practical part also deals with the analysis of the obtained menus and then the eating habits of the students of the field of nutritional therapy according to whether they are/have been through PPP or not. Nutrition therapy students who underwent PPP show different eating behavior than students without PPP, especially in controlling their energy intake and reduced carbohydrate intake. Overall, 10.6 % of students achieved a pink score in the EAT-26 questionnaire and even 74 % in the ORTO-15 questionnaire. It is certainly advisable to continue to increase awareness of PPP among experts and the lay public.
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The effect of dysphagic diet on the prevencion of malnutrition risk in the elderly
ZEMANOVÁ, Adéla
This thesis, entitled "Effect of dysphagic diet on the prevention of malnutrition risk in the elderly", deals with the dysphagic diet, which is a diet for swallowing disorders. Swallowing disorders are most commonly seen after stroke, in neurodegenerative diseases, head, neck and oesophageal tumours, and in critically ill patients or the elderly. For this thesis, I chose to conduct both quantitative and qualitative research involving two hospitals and one social service facility for the elderly. I divided the practical part into two subchapters. In the first, I discuss the processing of the observational data. Here I describe what kind of diet is served to patients with dysphagia in a particular facility, what technological procedures are used in its preparation and what meals are most frequently served in the facility. In the second part, the five-day menus of each facility are evaluated and compared with the values from the facility's dietary system. The research showed that if the patient consumed all the food given to him, he would not be at risk of malnutrition, as it is energetically sufficient and covers the needs of the elderly. However, in only two facilities did the patients receive a varied diet, and in one facility the meals or individual foods were more often repeated. The aesthetics of the food in none of the facilities corresponded to my idea of an attractive appearance of the prepared food, nor did the technological preparation of the food in any of the facilities correspond to the requirements of a textured diet - pureed. Therefore, it is likely that patients will not tolerate the diet because of the low variety, poor technological preparation, or the way it is served, because, as they say, we eat with our eyes. The intake would then be insufficient and could lead to a risk of malnutrition. It is therefore not possible to say unequivocally whether a dysphagic diet is a prevention of the risk of malnutrition in the elderly, but if the variety of the diet is maintained and the principles of technological preparation are followed, it could be.
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The Impact of a dietitian guidance on a weight management of obese children
Bučková, Kristýna ; Floriánková, Marcela (advisor) ; Kosheleva, Svetlana (referee)
The bachelor thesis deals with the topic of childhood obesity and the impact of dietitian education on its prevention and treatment. The theoretical part defines owerweight and obesity in children and adolescents, its prevalence, causes, diagnosis, prevention and treatment. The practical part is based on data drawn retrospectively from the medical documentation of the dietitian's and obesitologist's outpatient's department of the Department of Pediatrics and Hereditady Metabolic Disorders of the General Hospital in Prague. Data for the period from 1st January 2018 to 1st February 2022 were examined in 58 patients aged 3 months to 18 years 5 months with overweight or obesity. Only patients whose overweight or obesity was caused by a positive energy balance were included in the study. The data included the pacient's anthropometric parameters at birth and during the treatment, blood pressure, uric acid levels and fasting blood glucose. The patient's parents BMI was found out at the beginning of the child's treatment. The main goal of the research was to assess the effect of dietitian guidance in long-term cooperating overweight and obese patients compared to patients who visited the dietitian's outpatient's department once or not at all (although it was offered). In particular, the effect on changes...
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Calcium intake in patients with disorders beta oxidation fatty acids with long chain.
Ondrová, Ellen ; Floriánková, Marcela (advisor) ; Ješina, Pavel (referee)
The bachelor thesis deals with rare hereditary metabolic disorders, LCHAD (long chain 3- hydroxyacyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase) deficiency and MTP (mitochondrial trifunctional protein) or TFP (trifunctional protein) deficiency. Deficiencies of these enzymes cause a disturbance in the cycle of β-oxidation of long-chain fatty acids. The basis of treatment for these disorders are dietary and regimen measures. The main goal of the bachelor's thesis was to determine the level of compliance in dietary and regimen measures and calcium intake in patients with LCHAD/MTP deficiency. The theoretical part first describes hereditary metabolic disorders as a large heterogene- ous group of serious hereditary disorders, some of which occur rarely. These rare diseases include LCHAD/MTP deficiency. First, general findings of hereditary metabolic disorders, their history, occurrence, heredity, pathogenesis, diagnosis, clinical manifestations and treatment, are briefly summarized. Furthermore, the theoretical part of the thesis deals with fatty acids as a nutrient, which plays a crucial role in the diet of a patient with LCHAD/MTP deficiency, as well as the β-oxidation process, which is disrupted in these de- ficiencies. The main part of this thesis is devoted to the disease itself, the LCHAD/MTP de- ficiency. It...
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Nutrition in patients with chronic kidney disease
Mokrejšová, Andrea ; Pejšová, Hana (advisor) ; Zakiyanov, Oskar (referee)
Nutritional therapy is very significant for dialysis patients. The basis of the diet in hemodialysis treatment is a sufficient energy intake, increased protein intake, which corresponds to the needs of the dialysis patient. It can be difficult for patients to grasp a change in their diet compared to the period of pre-dialysis treatment, constant monitoring of all dietary restrictions due to insufficient filtration capacity of the kidneys, and at the same time compiling a still varied and balanced diet. For this reason, it is more than desirable for patients to be provided with the possibility of regular nutritional education and consultation. This individual care is essential for improving the quality of the patient's life and adequate support for hemodialysis treatment. This work aims to evaluate the change in the composition of the diet of hemodialysis patients after regular nutritional education. In addition to the adjustment of eating habits, other anthropometric and laboratory parameters related to the nutritional status of dialysis patients were also monitored. Patients were divided into two groups, according to their preferences. The first monitored group recorded their meals by hand or electronically. Patients from the second control group did not record their diet, instead they tried to...
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Laboratory functional diagnostics of malabsorption syndromes with the focus on lactose intolerance
Pluhařová, Apolena ; Kocna, Petr (advisor) ; Kohout, Pavel (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with laboratory functional diagnostics of malabsorption syndromes. Especially the functional diagnosis of lactose intolerance. The golden standard for the functional diagnosis of lactose intolerance is the breath test. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of lactose intolerance (LI) using a lactose breath test when consuming a dose of 20 g of lactose in patients with gastrointestinal symptoms and in volunteers who do not show gastrointestinal problems. Part of the research was also to examine the symptoms that led the individual to see a doctor and undergo a lactose breath test. The method consisted in the evaluation of the results of breath tests, which were performed on patients and volunteers in the gastroenterological laboratory of the 1st Medical Faculty of Charles University and the General Hospital. A questionnaire was given to everyone to evaluate the symptoms of LI and the phenomena leading to malabsorption. Lactose intolerance was confirmed in 92 % of patients and 79 % of volunteers. The most reported symptoms in the patient sample were typical gastrointestinal LI-related problems: gastric and intestinal problems after milk consumption (85 % of patients), gastric and intestinal problems after consumption of dairy products (85 % of patients),...
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Assessment of Nutritional Status and Clinical Manifestation in Infants with Allergic Colitic
Weidenthalerová, Edita ; Floriánková, Marcela (advisor) ; Frühauf, Pavel (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with the evaluation of clinical manifestations in infants with allergic colitis and their overall nutritional status, anthropometry, blood count and antibodies against cow's milk proteins. Allergic colitis is one of the most common manifestations of infant allergy to cow`s milk protein with gastrointestinal involvement. The theoretical part summarizes the anthropometric evaluation of growth and development, infant nutrition, the most important laboratory indicators of nutritional status. The part is generally devoted to food allergies, mainly allergy to cow's milk protein. The practical part deals with the evaluation of a sample of examined patients in gastroenterology outpatient clinics and nutritional outpatient clinic of the Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine of the 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General Hospital in Prague. The observed group of infants with allergic colitis includes infants exclusively breastfed, breastfed by a mother following a non-dairy diet, infants on an extensive hydrolyzate or on an amino acid formula. The main goal of the diploma thesis was to trace the most common clinical manifestations and whether there are any changes in their nutritional status during the disease and its treatment. A total of 45 randomly...
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